使用Fail2ban禁止垃圾采集爬虫，保护Nginx服务器。

前面有文章介绍过Fail2ban安装、禁止SSH暴力破解和Postfix破解的文章，软件确实比较好用。现在我们来介绍如何保护nginx服务器，阻止垃圾爬虫或者简单的攻击防护。

第一步：创建过滤规则

Fail2ban使用前必须有过滤规则，创建规则nginx-badbots.conf。

# cd /etc/fail2ban/filter.d
# cp apache-badbots.conf nginx-badbots.conf
# vi nginx-badbots.conf

内容如下：

# Fail2Ban configuration file
#
# Regexp to catch known spambots and software alike. Please verify
# that it is your intent to block IPs which were driven by
# above mentioned bots.


[Definition]

badbotscustom = EmailCollector|WebEMailExtrac|TrackBack/1\.02|sogou music spider
badbots = -|Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|Guestbook Auto Submitter|Industry Program 1\.0\.x|ISC Systems iRc Search 2\.1|IUPUI Research Bot v 1\.9a|LARBIN-EXPERIMENTAL \(efp@gmx\.net\)|LetsCrawl\.com/1\.0 \+http\://letscrawl\.com/|Lincoln State Web Browser|LMQueueBot/0\.2|LWP\:\:Simple/5\.803|Mac Finder 1\.0\.xx|MFC Foundation Class Library 4\.0|Microsoft URL Control - 6\.00\.8xxx|Missauga Locate 1\.0\.0|Missigua Locator 1\.9|Missouri College Browse|Mizzu Labs 2\.2|Mo College 1\.9|MVAClient|Mozilla/2\.0 \(compatible; NEWT ActiveX; Win32\)|Mozilla/3\.0 \(compatible; Indy Library\)|Mozilla/3\.0 \(compatible; scan4mail \(advanced version\) http\://www\.peterspages\.net/?scan4mail\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; Advanced Email Extractor v2\.xx\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; Iplexx Spider/1\.0 http\://www\.iplexx\.at\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; MSIE 5\.0; Windows NT; DigExt; DTS Agent|Mozilla/4\.0 efp@gmx\.net|Mozilla/5\.0 \(Version\: xxxx Type\:xx\)|NameOfAgent \(CMS Spider\)|NASA Search 1\.0|Nsauditor/1\.x|PBrowse 1\.4b|PEval 1\.4b|Poirot|Port Huron Labs|Production Bot 0116B|Production Bot 2016B|Production Bot DOT 3016B|Program Shareware 1\.0\.2|PSurf15a 11|PSurf15a 51|PSurf15a VA|psycheclone|RSurf15a 41|RSurf15a 51|RSurf15a 81|searchbot admin@google\.com|ShablastBot 1\.0|snap\.com beta crawler v0|Snapbot/1\.0|Snapbot/1\.0 \(Snap Shots, \+http\://www\.snap\.com\)|sogou develop spider|Sogou Orion spider/3\.0\(\+http\://www\.sogou\.com/docs/help/webmasters\.htm#07\)|sogou spider|Sogou web spider/3\.0\(\+http\://www\.sogou\.com/docs/help/webmasters\.htm#07\)|sohu agent|SSurf15a 11 |TSurf15a 11|Under the Rainbow 2\.2|User-Agent\: Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; MSIE 6\.0; Windows NT 5\.1\)|VadixBot|WebVulnCrawl\.unknown/1\.0 libwww-perl/5\.803|Wells Search II|WEP Search 00|ZmEu|spiderman|sqlmap|FeedDemon|JikeSpider|Indy Library|Alexa Toolbar|AskTbFXTV|AhrefsBot|CrawlDaddy|CoolpadWebkit|Java|Feedly|UniversalFeedParser|ApacheBench|Microsoft URL Control|Swiftbot|ZmEu|oBot|jaunty|Python-urllib|lightDeckReports Bot|YYSpider|DigExt|YisouSpider|HttpClient|MJ12bot|heritrix|EasouSpider|LinkpadBot|YandexBot|RU_Bot|200PleaseBot|DuckDuckGo-Favicons-Bot|Wotbox|SeznamBot|Exabot|SemrushBot|PictureBot|SMTBot|SEOkicks-Robot|AdvBot|TrueBot|BLEXBot|WangIDSpider|Ezooms

failregex = ^ -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP.*" \d+ \d+ ".*" "(?:%(badbots)s|%(badbotscustom)s)" (-|.*)$

ignoreregex =

# DEV Notes:
# List of bad bots fetched from http://www.user-agents.org
# Generated on Thu Nov  7 14:23:35 PST 2013 by files/gen_badbots.
#
# Author: Yaroslav Halchenko

默认badbots没有很多，而且比较老，根据自己需要我又添加了下，同时也检查过滤空的user agent，也可以参考这篇文章：Nginx屏蔽个别User-Agent蜘蛛访问网站的方法 。

http://www.user-agents.org/有具体的user agent，但是都已经比较老了。

第二步：检查过滤规则

检查正则表达式写的对或者不对，可以使用fail2ban-regex命令，具体用法如下所示。

# fail2ban-regex /var/log/nginx/access.log /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-badbots.conf

第三步：创建jail规则

和SSH等一样，单独创建nginx的jail规则文件。

# vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/nginx.local 

例如：

[nginx-badbots]

enabled  = true
port     = http,https
filter   = nginx-badbots
logpath  = /home/wwwlogs/access.log
           /home/wwwlogs/blog.nbhao.org.log
maxretry = 3

这里可以指定多个日志文件的路径。

第四步：重启fail2ban

重启fail2ban，查看iptables规则是否生效。

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